What came out of Bonn 2001?

• The proper management of forest and farmland carbon sinks can be included

• This heavy allowance for sinks could reduce the real worldwide commitment form 5.2% to 1.8%

• No legally binding penalties for failing - to keep Japan and Russia in

• Aid for developing countries for ‘sustainable development’ totalling £370m a year (50% form the EU)

What Next?

• If Russia ratifies then the Kyoto Protocol will come into force

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More than 180 countries have signed the protocol and now only Russia is required to ratify for the protocol to come into force. BUT are its targets enough?

The best estimates are that we need to cut global GHG emissions by about 60% to stabilise the temperature at around 5 degrees higher than it is today - a vast figure compared to the 5% of the Kyoto protocol, but at least it's a start and something to build on.